Outcomes of Democracy || POLITICAL SCIENCE || Class 10 || Chapter 5 || Part 5 [ Reduction of inequality and poverty ]

Reduction of inequality and poverty

Reduction of Inequality and Poverty in Democracies

Democracies are expected to help reduce economic inequality and poverty. Let’s look at how democracies perform in this area.

1. Economic Growth vs. Wealth Distribution

• Economic Growth in Democracies: Democracies may achieve economic growth, but this doesn’t always mean fair wealth distribution among all citizens.
• Wealth Inequality: Often, wealth is not shared equally; a small group of very wealthy people hold a large portion of the country’s total income.
• Hindi: लोकतंत्रों में आर्थिक वृद्धि हो सकती है, लेकिन यह जरूरी नहीं कि सभी नागरिकों में संपत्ति समान रूप से बाँटी जाए। आमतौर पर, कुछ अमीर लोग देश की अधिकांश आय पर कब्जा करते हैं।

2. Political Equality vs. Economic Inequality

• Political Equality: In democracies, every citizen has an equal vote to elect representatives.
• Economic Inequality: Despite equal voting rights, economic inequality continues to grow, with a small wealthy class holding most resources while the poor struggle to meet basic needs.
• Hindi: लोकतंत्र में हर नागरिक को वोट देने का बराबर अधिकार होता है, लेकिन फिर भी आर्थिक असमानता बढ़ती जा रही है।

3. Poverty and Basic Needs

• Poverty Levels: Many people, especially in poorer countries, struggle with poverty and cannot access food, clothing, housing, education, and healthcare.
• Examples: In India, poverty is high despite democratic elections. In Bangladesh, over half the population lives in poverty.
• Hindi: भारत में गरीबी अधिक है, और बांग्लादेश में आधी से अधिक आबादी गरीबी में जी रही है। गरीब देशों में लोग बुनियादी जरूरतों के लिए भी अमीर देशों पर निर्भर हैं।

4. Efforts to Address Poverty

• Political Parties and Poverty: Though the poor form a large part of the voting population, democratically elected governments often don’t take strong steps to reduce poverty.
• Rich Countries and Dependency: Many poorer countries rely on rich nations for basic supplies, including food.
• Hindi: गरीब देशों में, लोकतांत्रिक सरकारें गरीबी घटाने के लिए अधिक सक्रिय नहीं होतीं। कई गरीब देश बुनियादी जरूरतों के लिए अमीर देशों पर निर्भर होते हैं।

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Difficult Words

• Disparities - असमानताएं
• Proportion - अनुपात
• Dependency - निर्भरता
• Ultra-rich - अत्यधिक अमीर