Federalism Political Science Class 10 Chapter 2 Part 11 [ Exercises ]

 Exercises

3. Federalism in India vs. Belgium

Similar Feature:

• Both India and Belgium recognize multiple languages for governance.
  दोनों भारत और बेल्जियम शासन के लिए कई भाषाओं को मान्यता देते हैं।

Different Feature:

• India has a strong central government, while Belgium has a more equal distribution of power among regions.
  भारत में एक मजबूत केंद्रीय सरकार है, जबकि बेल्जियम में क्षेत्रों के बीच अधिक समान शक्ति वितरण है।

Difficult Words:

1. Federalism - A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and smaller political units.
2. Recognize - To acknowledge or accept something.

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4. Difference Between Federal and Unitary Government

Main Difference:

• In a federal government, power is shared between the central and state governments, while in a unitary government, power is concentrated in the central government.
  संघीय सरकार में, शक्ति केंद्रीय और राज्य सरकारों के बीच साझा की जाती है, जबकि एकक सरकार में, शक्ति केंद्रीय सरकार में केंद्रित होती है।

Example:

• Federal: India has both central and state governments.
  संघीय: भारत में केंद्रीय और राज्य सरकारें हैं.
• Unitary: The United Kingdom is a unitary state with power mainly in the central government.
  एकक: यूनाइटेड किंगडम एक एकक राज्य है जिसमें शक्ति मुख्य रूप से केंद्रीय सरकार में होती है।

Difficult Words:

1. Concentrated - Gathered or focused in one place.
2. Authority - The power or right to give orders or make decisions.

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5. Differences in Local Government Before and After 1992 Amendment

1. Before 1992: Local governments had limited powers and were often controlled by state governments.
   1992 से पहले: स्थानीय सरकारों के पास सीमित शक्तियाँ थीं और वे अक्सर राज्य सरकारों द्वारा नियंत्रित थीं।

2. After 1992: The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments granted constitutional status and more powers to local governments.
   1992 के बाद: 73वें और 74वें संविधान संशोधनों ने स्थानीय सरकारों को संवैधानिक स्थिति और अधिक शक्तियाँ दीं।

Difficult Words:

1. Amendment - A change or addition to a legal document.
2. Constitutional - Relating to the established laws and principles of a country.

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6. Fill in the Blanks

• Since the United States is a federal type of federation, all the constituent States have equal powers, and States are autonomous vis-à-vis the federal government.
  चूंकि संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एक संघीय प्रकार की संघ है, सभी संघटक राज्यों की समान शक्तियाँ हैं, और राज्य संघीय सरकार की तुलना में स्वायत्त हैं।
• But India is a quasi-federal type of federation, and some States have more power than others.
  लेकिन भारत एक क्वासी-संविधानिक प्रकार की संघ है, और कुछ राज्यों के पास दूसरों की तुलना में अधिक शक्ति है।
• In India, the central government has more powers.
  भारत में, केंद्रीय सरकार के पास अधिक शक्तियाँ हैं।

Difficult Words:

1. Constituent - A part or component of something larger.
2. Autonomous - Having the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs.
3. Quasi-federal - A type of government that has both federal and unitary features.

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7. Language Policy Reactions

Argument Supporting Sangeeta:

• The policy of accommodation helps people from different languages to live together and strengthens national unity.
  संगीत का समर्थन करते हुए तर्क: समायोजन की नीति विभिन्न भाषाओं के लोगों को एक साथ रहने में मदद करती है और राष्ट्रीय एकता को मजबूत करती है।
  Example: The Indian constitution recognizes multiple languages, promoting unity in diversity.
  उदाहरण: भारतीय संविधान कई भाषाओं को मान्यता देता है, जो विविधता में एकता को बढ़ावा देता है।

Difficult Words:

1. Accommodation - Adjusting or adapting to meet different needs.
2. Unity - The state of being united or joined as a whole.

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8. Distinguishing Feature of a Federal Government

Correct Answer:
(d) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government.
सही उत्तर: (d) सरकारी शक्ति विभिन्न स्तरों के बीच विभाजित होती है।

Difficult Words:

1. Divided - Separated into parts.
2. Levels - Different stages or ranks in a hierarchy.

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9. Subject Lists in the Indian Constitution

Union List:

• A. Defence
• E. Banking
• G. Communications

State List:

• B. Police
• C. Agriculture
• F. Forests

Concurrent List:

• D. Education
• H. Trade
• I. Marriages

Difficult Words:

1. Concurrent - Existing or happening at the same time.
2. Agriculture - The science or practice of farming.

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10. Incorrectly Matched Pairs of Government Powers

Not Correctly Matched:

• (d) Local governments - Residuary powers.
  सही मेल नहीं है: (d) स्थानीय सरकारें - अवशिष्ट शक्तियाँ।

Difficult Words:

1. Matched - To pair or correspond in some way.
2. Powers - Legal or official abilities to make decisions or enforce laws.

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11. Match List I with List II

Correct Matches:

1. Union of India - A. Prime Minister
2. State - C. Governor
3. Municipal Corporation - D. Mayor
4. Gram Panchayat - B. Sarpanch

Difficult Words:

1. Municipal - Relating to a city or town.
2. Sarpanch - The head of a Gram Panchayat (village council).

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12. Correct Statements About Federation

Correct Statements:

• (c) A and B only
  सही बयान: (c) केवल A और B**

Difficult Words:

1. Demarcated - To set the boundaries or limits of something.
2. Jurisdiction - The official power to make legal decisions.