Manufacturing Industries Chapter 6 Geography Part 6

 1. Fertilizer industry produces nitrogenous fertilizers (like urea), phosphatic fertilizers (like ammonium phosphate), and complex fertilizers (N, P, K combination).  

(उर्वरक उद्योग नाइट्रोजनयुक्त उर्वरक (जैसे यूरिया), फॉस्फेट उर्वरक (जैसे अमोनियम फॉस्फेट), और जटिल उर्वरक (N, P, K का मिश्रण) बनाता है।)

2. Potash is imported because India doesn’t have reserves of commercially usable potash.  

(पोटाश आयात किया जाता है क्योंकि भारत के पास व्यावसायिक रूप से उपयोगी पोटाश का भंडार नहीं है।)

3. Fertilizer industry grew after the Green Revolution, with key producers in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Kerala.  

(हरित क्रांति के बाद उर्वरक उद्योग बढ़ा, प्रमुख निर्माता गुजरात, तमिलनाडु, उत्तर प्रदेश, पंजाब और केरल में हैं।)

4. Cement is necessary for construction of houses, roads, bridges, airports, and factories. It requires raw materials like limestone, silica, and gypsum, and also needs coal and electricity.  

(सीमेंट घरों, सड़कों, पुलों, हवाई अड्डों और कारखानों के निर्माण के लिए आवश्यक है। इसके लिए चूना पत्थर, सिलिका और जिप्सम जैसे कच्चे माल और कोयला व बिजली की आवश्यकता होती है।)

5. The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904. The industry grew after Independence.  

(पहला सीमेंट कारखाना 1904 में चेन्नई में स्थापित किया गया था। स्वतंत्रता के बाद यह उद्योग बढ़ा।)

6. Automobiles like cars, buses, trucks, scooters, and motorcycles provide fast transport of goods and passengers.  

(कार, बसें, ट्रक, स्कूटर और मोटरसाइकिल जैसे ऑटोमोबाइल्स सामान और यात्रियों के त्वरित परिवहन में मदद करते हैं।)

7. After liberalization, modern models increased demand for vehicles, leading to the growth of the automobile industry.  

(उदारीकरण के बाद आधुनिक मॉडलों ने वाहनों की मांग बढ़ाई, जिससे ऑटोमोबाइल उद्योग में वृद्धि हुई।)

8. Automobile manufacturing centers are in Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur, and Bengaluru.  

(ऑटोमोबाइल निर्माण केंद्र दिल्ली, गुरुग्राम, मुंबई, पुणे, चेन्नई, कोलकाता, लखनऊ, इंदौर, हैदराबाद, जमशेदपुर और बेंगलुरु में स्थित हैं।)

9. The electronics industry produces a wide range of products like TVs, phones, computers, and equipment for telecom.  

(इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स उद्योग टीवी, फोन, कंप्यूटर और दूरसंचार के उपकरण जैसे कई उत्पाद बनाता है।)

10. Bengaluru is the electronic capital of India, with other centers in Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, and Chennai.  

(बेंगलुरु भारत की इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स राजधानी है, अन्य केंद्र मुंबई, दिल्ली, हैदराबाद, पुणे और चेन्नई में हैं।)

11. The IT and electronics industry has a big impact on employment generation in India.  

(आईटी और इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स उद्योग का भारत में रोजगार सृजन पर बड़ा प्रभाव है।)

Activity

Where would it be economically viable to set up the cement manufacturing units?

It would be economically viable to set up cement manufacturing units in regions where the following conditions are met:

 

1. Availability of raw materials: Cement requires bulky raw materials like limestone, silica, and gypsum. Therefore, regions with abundant limestone deposits are ideal for setting up cement plants.

 

2. Proximity to coal: Cement production needs a lot of energy, and coal is one of the main fuels used. Areas near coal mines or coal supply sources are preferable.

 

3. Access to transportation: Efficient transportation networks like roads, railways, or proximity to ports are essential for transporting raw materials to the plant and finished goods to the market.

 

4. Electricity availability: Cement plants consume a lot of electricity, so access to a reliable and inexpensive power source is important.

 

5. Proximity to market: To minimize transportation costs, cement plants are often located near the areas with high demand for cement, such as regions undergoing heavy construction activity.

 

Find out where the plants are located in other States of India. Find their names.

Cement Plant Locations in India:

 

- Rajasthan: Known for having the largest cement plants in India. Some key companies include Shree Cement, Ultratech Cement, and ACC Limited.

- Gujarat: Major cement plants include Ambuja Cement, Ultratech Cement, and JK Lakshmi Cement.

- Madhya Pradesh: Home to plants by companies like Birla Corporation and Prism Cement.

- Tamil Nadu: Ramco Cements and Dalmia Cement have significant plants here.

- Andhra Pradesh: The state has major cement plants by Ultratech, Dalmia Cement, and others.

- Karnataka: Ultratech, ACC, and Shree Cement have plants here.

- Chhattisgarh: Ultratech, Lafarge India, and ACC have large plants.

- Maharashtra: Ambuja, ACC, and Century Cement operate significant facilities here.

- Bihar: Ultratech and Shree Cement have plants in this region as well.

 

These states have cement manufacturing units due to their proximity to raw materials, energy sources, and large markets.

 

 Major Cement Plant Names:

1. Shree Cement – Rajasthan

2. Ultratech Cement – Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh

3. ACC Cement – Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh

4. Ambuja Cement – Gujarat, Maharashtra

5. Ramco Cements – Tamil Nadu

6. Dalmia Cement – Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh

7. Lafarge India – Chhattisgarh

8. Prism Cement – Madhya Pradesh

Difficult Words:

1. Petrochemical – पेट्रोकेमिकल

2. Fertilizer – उर्वरक

3. Soda ash – सोडा ऐश

4. Synthetic – कृत्रिम

5. Liberalization – उदारीकरण