DEVELOPMENT || Economics || Class 10 || Chapter 1 || Part 8 [ PUBLIC FACILITIES ]

PUBLIC FACILITIES

Understanding the Difference in Development Between Haryana and Kerala

• The average person in Haryana earns more money than the average person in Kerala, but Haryana struggles in important areas like health and education.

  • हिंदी अनुवाद: हरियाणा में औसत व्यक्ति केरल में औसत व्यक्ति से अधिक पैसा कमाता है, लेकिन हरियाणा स्वास्थ्य और शिक्षा जैसे महत्वपूर्ण क्षेत्रों में पिछड़ता है।
  • Difficult Words: Average (औसत), Earns (कमाना), Struggles (पिछड़ना), Important (महत्वपूर्ण)

• Having more income does not always mean you can buy everything you need to live well.

  • हिंदी अनुवाद: अधिक आय होने का मतलब हमेशा यह नहीं है कि आप वह सब कुछ खरीद सकते हैं जिसकी आपको अच्छी जिंदगी के लिए जरूरत है।
  • Difficult Words: Income (आय), Buy (खरीदना), Need (जरूरत)

• Money cannot buy a clean environment or safe medicines unless you can afford to live in a better community.

  • हिंदी अनुवाद: पैसे से एक साफ-सुथरा पर्यावरण या सुरक्षित दवाएँ नहीं मिलती, जब तक आप बेहतर समुदाय में रहने का खर्च उठा सकते हैं।
  • Difficult Words: Clean (साफ), Environment (पर्यावरण), Safe (सुरक्षित), Community (समुदाय)

• Money also cannot protect you from diseases unless everyone in your community takes care of health together.

  • हिंदी अनुवाद: पैसे से आपको बीमारियों से सुरक्षा नहीं मिलती, जब तक आपके समुदाय के सभी लोग एक साथ स्वास्थ्य का ध्यान नहीं रखते।
  • Difficult Words: Protect (सुरक्षा), Diseases (बीमारियाँ), Community (समुदाय)

• In Bihar, about half of the children aged 14-15 do not go to school after Class 8, which affects their future.

  • हिंदी अनुवाद: बिहार में, 14-15 वर्ष के लगभग आधे बच्चे कक्षा 8 के बाद स्कूल नहीं जाते, जो उनके भविष्य पर असर डालता है।
  • Difficult Words: School (स्कूल), Affect (असर डालना), Future (भविष्य)

• If many children in your area want to study, then schools will be available for you.

  • हिंदी अनुवाद: यदि आपके क्षेत्र में कई बच्चे पढ़ाई करना चाहते हैं, तो आपके लिए स्कूल उपलब्ध होंगे।
  • Difficult Words: Available (उपलब्ध), Study (पढ़ाई)

• It is cheaper and better to provide services like education and health care to everyone together rather than individually.

  • हिंदी अनुवाद: शिक्षा और स्वास्थ्य सेवाएँ सभी को मिलकर देना व्यक्तिगत रूप से देने से सस्ता और बेहतर है।
  • Difficult Words: Cheaper (सस्ता), Services (सेवाएँ), Individually (व्यक्तिगत रूप से)

• Kerala has low infant mortality rates because it has good health and education services available for everyone.

  • हिंदी अनुवाद: केरल में शिशु मृत्यु दर कम है क्योंकि वहाँ सभी के लिए अच्छी स्वास्थ्य और शिक्षा सेवाएँ उपलब्ध हैं।
  • Difficult Words: Infant Mortality Rate (शिशु मृत्यु दर), Good (अच्छा), Available (उपलब्ध)

• In some states, the Public Distribution System (PDS) works well, helping improve health and nutrition for the people.

  • हिंदी अनुवाद: कुछ राज्यों में, सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली (PDS) अच्छी तरह से काम करती है, जिससे लोगों के स्वास्थ्य और पोषण में सुधार होता है।
  • Difficult Words: Public Distribution System (सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली), Improve (सुधारना), Nutrition (पोषण)

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This summary explains the differences in health and education between Haryana and Kerala while emphasizing the importance of collective resources and services.

Let's Work These Out

1. Is Haryana ahead of Kerala in literacy rate, etc., as it is in terms of per capita income?

   • No, Haryana is not ahead in literacy rate. Kerala has a higher literacy rate (94%) compared to Haryana (82%).
   • हिंदी अनुवाद: नहीं, हरियाणा साक्षरता दर में आगे नहीं है। केरल की साक्षरता दर (94%) हरियाणा (82%) की तुलना में अधिक है।
   • Difficult Words: Literacy Rate (साक्षरता दर), Higher (अधिक), Compared (तुलना में)

2. Think of other examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision.

   • Examples include public parks, public transportation, and community health clinics. It is cheaper for everyone to share these services than for each person to have their own.
   • हिंदी अनुवाद: उदाहरणों में सार्वजनिक पार्क, सार्वजनिक परिवहन, और सामुदायिक स्वास्थ्य क्लिनिक शामिल हैं। इन सेवाओं को साझा करना हर किसी के लिए सस्ता है, बजाय इसके कि हर व्यक्ति के पास अपनी खुद की सेवाएँ हों।
   • Difficult Words: Collective (सामूहिक), Provision (प्रावधान), Transportation (परिवहन)

3. Does the availability of good health and educational facilities depend only on the amount of money spent by the government on these facilities? What other factors could be relevant?

   • No, it does not depend only on money. Other factors include the quality of management, availability of trained staff, and community support.
   • हिंदी अनुवाद: नहीं, यह केवल पैसे पर निर्भर नहीं करता। अन्य कारकों में प्रबंधन की गुणवत्ता, प्रशिक्षित स्टाफ की उपलब्धता, और समुदाय का समर्थन शामिल है।
   • Difficult Words: Availability (उपलब्धता), Quality (गुणवत्ता), Management (प्रबंधन)

4. Where would people be better off, Tamil Nadu or West Bengal, based on ration shop usage? Why?

• People in Tamil Nadu might be better off because 90% of rural people use ration shops. This means they have better access to essential goods compared to only 35% in West Bengal.
• हिंदी अनुवाद: तमिलनाडु में लोग बेहतर स्थिति में हो सकते हैं क्योंकि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में 90% लोग राशन की दुकानें इस्तेमाल करते हैं। इसका मतलब है कि उनके पास आवश्यक वस्तुओं तक बेहतर पहुँच है, जबकि पश्चिम बंगाल में केवल 35% लोग ऐसा करते हैं।
• Difficult Words: Better Off (बेहतर स्थिति में), Access (पहुँच), Essential Goods (आवश्यक वस्तुएँ)

Activity 2: Fill in the Blanks Based on Educational Achievement

Fill in the blanks with the correct information:

1. The literacy rate for all age groups, including young and old, is _____ for rural males and _____ for rural females.

   • Answer: 76% for rural males and 54% for rural females.

2. However, it is not just that these many adults could not attend school but that there are _____ who are currently not in school.

   • Answer: Percentage of rural children.

3. It is clear from the table that _____ % of rural girls and _____ % of rural boys are not attending school.

   • Answer: 18% of rural girls and 15% of rural boys.

4. Therefore, illiteracy among children in the age group 10-14 is as high as _____ % for rural females and _____ % for rural males.

   • Answer: 13% for rural females and 10% for rural males.

5. This high level of illiteracy among the _____ age group, even after more than 70 years of our independence, is most disturbing.

   • Answer: 10-14 age group.

6. In many other states also, we are nowhere near realization of the constitutional goal of free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14, which was expected to be achieved by _____.

   • Answer: 1960.

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Summary Table of Educational Achievement

Category	Male (%)	Female (%)
Literacy rate for rural population	76	54
Literacy rate for rural children aged 10-14	90	87
Percentage of rural children aged 10-14 attending school	85	82
Percentage of rural children not attending school	15	18
Illiteracy rate for rural children aged 10-14	10	13

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This format presents the information in a fill-in-the-blank style and organizes the data in a clear table.